Sunday, August 19, 2007

Liberal Network for Latin America
The Liberal Network for Latin America (Red Liberal de América Latina, RELIAL) is an international network founded in 2003 with the official launch taking place in Costa Rica November, 2004. It includes almost 20 liberal institutions from 12 Latin American countries. Members of RELIAL include political parties as well as think tanks, foundations and research institutes. Most of the members tend to market liberalism.
The Hispanic America Liberal Conference (Conferencia Liberal Hispanoamericana, CLH) is an international network founded in March 2005 in Lima and had its First Meeting in the same city with participation of 11 think tanks, political parties, universities, and political coalitions.
After this meeting, all participants founded this entity and signed a Letter of 11 Rights which represents a new guide of political action for those who believes in classical liberalism in Latin American and Spain.

Saturday, August 18, 2007


A Geocode (Geospatial Entity Object Code) is code that represents a geospatial coordinate measurement of an exact geographic location and time at, below, or above the surface of the earth.
A Geocode representation is derived from the following geospatial attributes: 1. Latitude 2. Longitude 3. Altitude 4. Date 5. Local Time 6. Global Time 7. Other geospatial attributes such as:
A Geocode is an all-natural number representation.

how the area is coded (number, letter, mixture of both, other)
which part of the earth is covered (whole earth, land, water, a continent, a country)
what kind of area or location is coded (country, county, airport, railstation, city)
whether an area or a point is coded GeocodeGeocode List of some code systems
Some of these code systems are free for use, others have different licences.

Car License plates
C-squares - compact encoding of geographic coordinate bounds (latitude-longitude)
FIPS country codes (FIPS 10-4), area code, administrative, free
FIPS place codes (FIPS 55) U.S. only, free
FIPS county codes (FIPS 6-4) US only, free
FIPS state codes (FIPS 5-2) US only, free
Georef, a military / air naviation co-ordinate system for point and area identification
IATA airport codes, area /point codes, airports
ICAO airport codes, area /point codes, airports
IANA country codes similar to ISO 3166-1 alpha-2
IOC country codes, area, worldwide
ISO 3166 country and subdivision codes
ITU-R country codes
ITU-T country calling codes
ITU-T mobile calling codes
Maidenhead Locator System
MapDot Protocol: world locations coded into a zone sequence[1], free
MARC country codes
Marsden Squares
NAC, area codes (area can be indefinitely small)
NUTS area code, partially administrative, worldwide: countries, Europe : country to community
ONS code, UK only, administrative
Postal codes, area, worldwide, country-codes by UPU, free
Quarter Degree Grid Cells
UN M.49 region codes, area code, continents, countries (like ISO 3166-1 numeric)
SALB (Second Administrative Level Boundaries), by UN [2]
UN/LOCODE, area, administrative, cities
UTM
WMO squares

Friday, August 17, 2007


East Jerusalem refers to the part of Jerusalem that was captured by Jordan in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, and by Israel in the 1967 Six-Day War. It includes Jerusalem's Old City and some of the holiest sites of Judaism, Christianity and Islam, such as the Temple Mount, Western Wall, Al-Aqsa Mosque and the Church of the Holy Sepulchre.
Following the 1948 Arab-Israeli War, Jerusalem was divided into two parts - the western portion, populated mainly by Jews, came under Israeli sovereignty, while the eastern portion, populated mainly by Arabs, came under Jordanian rule. Arabs living in such western Jerusalem neighbourhoods as Katamon or Malha were forced to leave; the same fate befell Jews in the eastern areas, such as the Old City and the City of David. The only eastern area that had remained in Israeli hands throughout the 19 years of Jordanian rule was Mt. Scopus where the Hebrew University is located. Following the 1967 Six-Day War, the eastern part of Jerusalem came under Israeli rule and was merged with the western municipality, together with several neighboring Palestinian villages. Since then Israel has attempted to incorporate the area into the rest of Jerusalem, establishing settlements and restricting Arab activities. Resolution 242 calls for Israeli withdrawal from territories occupied in 1967, including, it has been argued, East Jerusalem.
The term "East Jerusalem" usually refers to the entire area that had been under Jordanian rule and came under the administration of the Jerusalem municipality in 1967, covering some 70 km², or it may sometimes refer just to the territory of the pre-1967 Jordanian municipality, covering 6.4 km². Mount Scopus, which was an Israeli enclave inside Jordanian territory before 1967, is not considered part of East Jerusalem.
      Israel
      The West Bank, the Gaza Strip and the Golan Heights The Golan Heights are not part of Israeli-Palestinian track

History

Main article: Rule of the West Bank and East Jerusalem by Jordan Jordanian Rule
During the Six-Day War of 1967 Israel captured the West Bank, including East Jerusalem, and eventually incorporated 6.4 km² of Jordanian Jerusalem and 64 km² of the nearby West Bank into the municipality of Jerusalem, including several villages and lands from neighboring villages and towns. This move excluded many of East Jerusalem's suburbs and divided several villages.
Under Israeli rule, members of all religions were largely granted access to their holy sites, with the Muslim Waqf maintaining control of the Temple Mount and Muslim holy sites there. The old Mughrabi Quarter (Morrocan) neighborhood in front of the Western Wall was demolished and replaced with a large open air plaza. The Jewish Quarter, destroyed in 1948, was rebuilt and settled.
With the stated purpose of preventing infiltration during the Second Intifada, Israel has decided to surround Jerusalem's eastern perimeter with a security barrier. The planned structure has separated East Jerusalem from its West Bank suburbs, some of which are under the jurisdiction of the Palestinian Authority. The separation barrier has raised much criticism, and the Israeli Supreme Court has ruled that the alignment of sections of the barrier (including East Jerusalem sections) must be amended.
In the January 25, 2006 Palestinian Legislative Elections, 6,300 East Jerusalem Arabs were registered and permitted to vote locally. All other residents had to travel to West Bank polling stations. Hamas won four seats and Fatah two, even though Hamas was barred by Israel from campaigning in the city. Fewer than 6,000 residents were permitted to vote locally in the prior 1996 elections.

Israeli Rule
See also: Demographics of Jerusalem
The population of East Jerusalem as of 2004 was 403,333, (comprising 38% of the Jewish population of Jerusalem) and 223,752 (55%) are Arabs.
East Jerusalem's main Arab neighborhoods include Shuafat (32,357), Beit Hanina (22,685), a-Sawana (18,833), Jabal Mukabar (14,599), Ras al-'Amud (13,598) and A-Tur (12,565). East Jerusalem's main Jewish neighborhoods include Pisgat Ze'ev (39,747), Ramot Alon (39,383), Gilo (27,425), Neve Yaakov (20,306), and East Talpiyot (12,439). The Old City has an Arab population of 31,405 and a Jewish population of 3,965.

Demographics

Status
See also: Positions on Jerusalem
Since June 28 1967, East Jerusalem has been under the law, jurisdiction, and administration of the State of Israel.

Residency
See also: List of mayors of Jerusalem

Anwar Al-Khatib (1948-1950)
Aref al-Aref (1950-1951)
Hanna Atallah (1951-1952)
Omar Wa'ari (1952-1955)
Ruhi al-Khatib (1957-1967)
Amin al-Majaj (1967-1999; titular) East Jerusalem Footnotes

Bregman, Ahron (2002). Israel's Wars: A History Since 1947. London: Routledge. ISBN 0-415-28716-2
Cohen, Shaul Ephraim (1993). The Politics of Planting: Israeli-Palestinian Competition for Control of Land in the Jerusalem Periphery. University of Chicago Press. ISBN 0226112764
Ghanem, As'ad (2001). The Palestinian-Arab Minority in Israel, 1948-2000: A Political Study. SUNY Press. ISBN 0791449971
Israeli, Raphael. Jerusalem Divided: the armistice regime, 1947-1967, Routledge, 2002, ISBN 0714652660, p. 118.
Rubenberg, Cheryl A. (2003). The Palestinians: In Search of a Just Peace. Lynne Rienner Publishers. ISBN 1588262251

Tuesday, August 14, 2007

Pundits, bloggers go wild over Rove's resignation

Karl Rove is the most polarizing American political figure outside of the man he serves, President George W. Bush.

So it was no surprise that liberal corners of the blogosphere rejoiced at his announcement Monday that he will resign ("THERE IS A GOD!!!!!!" read a post at myDD.com) and were dubious about his stated desire to spend more time with his family.

Just as predictably, many conservatives online sounded piously respectful ("The Boy Genius is gone" headlined a blog post at the conservative TownHall.com) and mourned the loss of the man known as "Bush's Brain" and "The Architect" of Bush's ascendancy to the White House.

Yet in a sign of the deepening divisions in the Republican Party, the conservative punditocracy wasn't all singing together. Some prominent conservative commentators ripped Bush's deputy chief of staff and senior adviser since 2001 as he makes his the way out the door.

Michelle Malkin, the commentator behind one of the most highly trafficked conservative blogs, www.michellemalkin.com, took on the Wall Street Journal article that broke Rove's resignation Monday:

"Not a word here about the Harriet Miers debacle, the botching of the Dubai ports battle, or the undeniable stumbles in post-Iraq invasion policies. And not a word about the spectacular disaster of the illegal alien shamnesty, which will be the everlasting stain Rove leaves behind.

"Imagine how much better off the White House and the Republican Party might be now if he had, in fact, left a year ago. Yes, there's the legacy Rove should ponder as he puts his feet up," Malkin wrote.