James Danforth "Dan" Quayle (born February 4, 1947) was the forty-fourth Vice President of the United States under George H. W. Bush (1989–1993). He unsuccessfully sought the 2000 Republican Party Presidential nomination.

Early life
In 1976, Quayle was elected to the U.S. Congress from Indiana's Fourth Congressional District, defeating an eight-term incumbent Democrat. He won reelection in 1978 by the greatest percentage margin ever achieved to that date in the northeast Indiana district. In 1980, at age 33, Quayle became the youngest person ever elected to the U.S. Senate from the state of Indiana, defeating three-term incumbent Democrat Birch Bayh. Making Indiana political history again, Quayle was reelected to the Senate in 1986 with the largest margin ever achieved to that date by a candidate in a statewide Indiana race.
During his tenure in the U.S. Senate, Quayle did legislative work in the areas of defense, arms control, labor, and human resources. He served on the Armed Services Committee, the Budget Committee, and the Labor and Human Resources Committee. In 1982, working with Senator Edward Kennedy, Quayle authored the Job Training Partnership Act (JTPA).
In 1986, Quayle received much criticism from his fellow Senators for championing the cause of Daniel Manion, a candidate for a federal appellate judgeship, who was in law school one year above Quayle. The American Bar Association had evaluated him as unqualified. Manion was nominated for U. S. Court of Appeals for the Seventh Circuit by President Ronald Reagan on February 21, 1986, and confirmed by the Senate on June 26, 1986. As of 2006, Manion continues to serve on the Seventh Circuit.

Vice Presidency
During the 1992 election, Bush and Quayle were challenged in their bid for reelection by the Democratic ticket of Arkansas Governor Bill Clinton and Tennessee Senator Al Gore, as well as the independent ticket of Texas businessman H. Ross Perot and retired Admiral James Stockdale.
As Bush lagged in the polls in the weeks preceding the August 1992 Republican National Convention, some Republican strategists (led by Secretary of State James Baker III), viewed Quayle as a liability to the ticket and pushed for his replacement. Like most vice-presidential debates, it was ultimately a minor factor in the election, which Bush and Quayle would eventually lose.
Quayle's presence on the ticket in 1992 was not viewed as a significant cause of Bush's defeat, leaving the possibility open for a future bid for national office. In fact, during the Bush/Quayle term in office, an increase in income tax rates was supported by the President, in direct violation of his earlier "no new taxes" pledge. This eroded public support for re-election of the Republican ticket in 1992. In later interviews and memoirs, those included in the decision to support an increase in income tax rates stated that the only real opposition came from Quayle. Thus it can be inferred that adhering to Quayle's advice to hold true to the "no new taxes" pledge could have saved the 1992 election.

1992 Election
Quayle considered but decided not to run for the governorship of Indiana in 1994.
He pulled out of his bid for the 1996 Republican presidential nomination, citing health problems related to phlebitis.
In April 1999, he announced his candidacy for the Republican nomination for 2000, attacking George W. Bush by saying "we do not want another candidate who needs on-the-job training". In the first contest among the Republican candidates, the Ames Straw Poll of August 1999, he finished eighth. Commentators said that while he had the most political experience among prospective candidates (over Bush and Elizabeth Dole) and potential grassroots support among conservatives, his campaign was hampered by the legacy of his vice-presidency. He withdrew from the race the following month and supported Bush.
The Quayles live in Paradise Valley, Arizona.
It was reported in the May 5, 2007 New York Times in an article about a lawsuit filed by Greg LeMond against Timothy Blixseth, that Dan Quayle and Bill Gates both have homes in the ultra-exclusive Yellowstone Club, a Rocky Mountain ski and golf club located just north of Yellowstone National Park in Montana. Lots at the club cost in range of $2 million to $10 million; about 85 houses are built there and cost from $3 million to $10 million; annual dues are $16,000.
Dan Quayle is Chairman of an international division of Cerberus Capital Management, a multi-billion dollar hedge fund, and president of Quayle and Associates. He is an Honorary Trustee Emeritus of the Hudson Institute.
Quayle also authored his memoir, Standing Firm, which became a bestseller. His second book, The American Family: Discovering the Values that Make Us Strong, came out in the spring of 1996 and Worth Fighting For came out in 1999. Quayle also writes a nationally syndicated newspaper column, serves on a number of corporate boards, chairs several business ventures, and was chairman of Campaign America, a national political action committee. As chairman of the international advisory board of Cerberus Capital Management, he recruited former Canadian prime minister Brian Mulroney who would have been installed as chairman if Cerberus had successfully acquired Air Canada.
Dan Quayle signed the statement of principles of the Project for the New American Century.
Quayle is the only vice president (without having become president) to have a museum, The Dan Quayle Center and Museum in Huntington, Indiana. The museum features information on Quayle and all U.S. vice presidents.
As of 2007, Quayle is the only living former vice president never to have received his party's nomination for the presidency. (Walter Mondale, George H. W. Bush, and Al Gore were respectively nominated by their parties in 1984, 1988 and 1992, and 2000. Since 1952, only two other U.S. vice presidents have not gone on to be nominated for the presidency: Spiro Agnew who was the heir-apparent to Richard Nixon, but was indicted and resigned in disgrace in 1973; and Nelson Rockefeller, who died two years after his term ended.) While some have pointed to the legacy of Quayle's vice-presidency as a factor, others said that he was unfortunate not to be in the line of succession. For instance, 1992 was the re-election campaign for President George H.W. Bush, while in 1996 the nomination was given to Bob Dole as gratitude for his long years of service to the party. In 2000, George W. Bush had all but locked up the nomination save for a challenge from John McCain.

Post-vice presidency
The book "Where's Dan Quayle?" was published as a spoof of the popular "Where's Waldo?" books, in which the reader searches cartoon pictures of various political arenas and other locales (such as a golf course) for the vice-president.
In the 1993 film Mrs. Doubtfire a direct criticism of Dan Quayle's comments on single mothers was made by the title character. In the "Murphy Brown incident" (see above), Quayle had criticized what he saw as media "glamorization" of consciously chosen single motherhood as contributing to a rise in illegitimacy and its associated social problems. Director Chris Columbus explained in a commentary on the film's DVD that Mrs. Doubtfire's final speech, in which she explains divorced parents can still love their children just as married parents could, was intended to be "a slap in the face to Dan Quayle and was specially written for the purpose by myself and Robin (Williams)."
In the popular computer game series Sid Meier's Civilization, the player receives a score in the form of a comparison to historical figures such as Caesar Augustus or Abraham Lincoln. In every installment of the game thus far, a comparison to Dan Quayle is the lowest score a player can get.
President George H.W. Bush is parodied in The Simpsons episode "Two Bad Neighbors." There is a scene where Bush's memoirs are shredded, and a small, torn-up piece of paper can be seen passing down the screen that says "V.P. Quayle, embarrassment."
Comedian George Carlin refered to him and his wife, Marilyn Quayle, commenting on Quayle's judgment calls and the aesthetic looks of his wife.
Tupac Shakur refers to Quayle several times on his 1993 album Strictly 4 My N.I.G.G.A.Z, saying of the controversy, "Quayle ain't did nothing but put my name up."
Quayle was mentioned in the Oingo Boingo song "Insanity", on their album Boingo.
"The white folks think they're at the top/
Ask any proud white male/
A million years of evolution/
We get Danny Quayle"
In episode 0620 of Married... with Children titled "Hi I.Q.", when Kelly Bundy agrees to be someone's date to a High I.Q. Club mixer, her brother Bud has to show her a picture of Quayle on the club's wall captioned "Last Year's Winner" to convince her that she's really an unwitting participant in a club contest to arrive with the dumbest date.
Comedian Lewis Black makes fun of Dan Quayle in several of his stand-up performances.
On Tiny Toon Adventures Dan Quayle was portrayed as a hyper-active man-child with an annoying hyena laugh.
In Donnie Darko a woman is seen talking about Dan Quayle in the background as Donnie's parents leave the principal's office.

In popular culture

1992 Presidential Race

• Clinton/Gore (D), 43% (370 Electoral Votes)
  Bush/Quayle (R), 37% (168 Electoral Votes)
  Perot/Stockdale (I), 19% (0 Electoral Votes)
  1988 Presidential Race
  
  
  
  • Bush/Quayle (R), 53% (426 Electoral Votes)
    Dukakis/Bentsen (D), 46% (111 Electoral Votes)
    1986 Race for U.S. Senate
    
    
    
    • Dan Quayle (R) (inc.), 61%
      Jill Long (D), 39%
      1980 Race for U.S. Senate
      
      
      
      • Dan Quayle (R), 54%
        Birch Bayh (D) (inc.), 46%
        1978 Race for U.S. House of Representatives — 4th District
        
        
        
        • Dan Quayle (R) (inc.)
          1976 Race for U.S. House of Representatives — 4th District
          
          
          
          • Dan Quayle (R), 54%
            Ed Roush (D) (inc.), 45% Electoral history
            
            Worth Fighting For, W Publishing Group, July 1999, ISBN 0-8499-1606-2
            Standing Firm: A Vice-Presidential Memoir, Harper Collins, May 1994. hardcover, ISBN 0-06-017758-6; mass market paperback, May, 1995; ISBN 0-06-109390-4; Limited edition, 1994, ISBN 0-06-017601-6 Further reading