in general, although only place names remain from the pre-Christian era. The date at which the Pictish elite converted to
.
and similar confederations in Germany. The presence of the
, unfamiliar in size, culture, political systems and ways of making war, should be noted. Nor can we ignore the wealth and prestige that control of trade with Rome offered.
The early history of Pictland is, as has been said, unclear. In later periods multiple kings existed, ruling over separate kingdoms, with one king, sometimes two, more or less dominating their lesser neighbours.
Main article: Pictish language In other media Adomnán,
Life of St Columba, tr. & ed. Richard Sharpe. Penguin, London, 1995.
ISBN 0-14-044462-9 Armit, Ian,
Towers In The North: The Brochs Of Scotland Tempus, Stroud, 2002.
ISBN 0-7524-1932-3 Bannerman, John, "The Scottish Takeover of Pictland and the relics of Columba" in Dauvit Broun & Thomas Owen Clancy (eds.),
Spes Scotorum: Hope of Scots. Saint Columba, Iona and the Scotland. T. & T. Clark, Edinburgh, 1999.
ISBN 0-567-08682-8 Barrow, G.W.S. "Pre-feudal Scotland: shires and thanes" in
The Kingdom of the Scots. Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, 2003.
ISBN 0-7486-1803-1 Broun, Dauvit, "Dál Riata" in Michael Lynch (ed.),
The Oxford Companion to Scottish History. Oxford UP, Oxford, 2001.
ISBN 0-19-211696-7 Broun, Dauvit, "Dunkeld and the origin of Scottish identity" in Broun & Clancy (1999).
Broun, Dauvit, "National identity: early medieval and the formation of Alba" in Lynch (2001).
Broun, Dauvit, "Pictish Kings 761–839: Integration with Dál Riata or Separate Development" in Sally M. Foster (ed.),
The St Andrews Sarcophagus: A Pictish masterpiece and its international connections. Four Courts, Dublin, 1998.
ISBN 1-85182-414-6 Broun, Dauvit, "The Seven Kingdoms in
De situ Albanie: A Record of Pictish political geography or imaginary map of ancient Alba" in E.J. Cowan & R. Andrew McDonald (eds.),
Alba: Celtic Scotland in the Medieval Era. John Donald, Edinburgh, 2005.
ISBN 0-85976-608-X Bruford, Alan, "What happened to the Caledonians ?" in Cowan & McDonald (2005).
Byrne, Francis John,
Irish Kings and High-Kings. Batsford, London, 1973.
ISBN 0-7134-5882-8 Cambell, Ewan,
Saints and Sea-kings: The First Kingdom of the Scots. Canongate, Edinburgh, 1999.
ISBN 0-86241-874-7 Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Church institutions: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Ireland: to 1100" in Lynch (2001).
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Nechtan son of Derile" in Lynch (2001).
Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Scotland, the 'Nennian' Recension of the
Historia Brittonum and the
Libor Bretnach in Simon Taylor (ed.),
Kings, clerics and chronicles in Scotland 500–1297. Fourt Courts, Dublin, 2000.
ISBN 1-85182-516-9 Clancy, Thomas Owen, "Columba, Adomnán and the Cult of Saints in Scotland" in Broun & Clancy (1999).
Cowan, E.J., "Economy: to 1100" in Lynch (2001).
Cowan, E.J., "The Invention of Celtic Scotland" in Cowan & McDonald (2005).
Crone, B.A., "Crannogs and Chronologies", PSAS, vol. 123 (1993), pp. 245–254.
Cummins, W.A.,
The Age of the Picts. Sutton, Stroud, 1998.
ISBN 0-7509-1608-7 Dennison, Patricia, "Urban settlement: to 1750" in Lynch (2001).
Driscoll, Stephen T., "Burghead" in Lynch (2001).
Dyer, Christopher,
Making a Living in the Middle Ages: The People of Britain 850–1520. Penguin, London, 2003.
ISBN 0-14-025951-1 Forsyth, Katherine,
Language in Pictland : the case against 'non-Indo-European Pictish' (Studia Hameliana no. 2). De Keltische Draak, Utrecht, 1997.
ISBN 90-802785-5-6 Forsyth, Katherine, "Literacy in Pictland" in Huw Pryce (ed.),
Literacy in Medieval Celtic Societies. Cambridge UP, Cambridge, 1998.
Forsyth, Katherine, "Evidence of a lost Pictish Source in the
Historia Regum Anglorum of Symeon of Durham", with an appendix by John T. Koch, in Taylor (2000).
Forsyth, Katherine, "Picts" in Lynch (2001).
Forsyth, Katherine, "Origins: Scotland to 1100" in Jenny Wormald (ed.),
Scotland: A History, Oxford UP, Oxford, 2005.
ISBN 0-19-820615-1 Foster, Sally M.,
Picts, Gaels, and Scots: Early Historic Scotland. Batsford, London, 2004.
ISBN 0-7134-8874-3 Geary, Patrick J.,
Before France and Germany: The creation and transformation of the Merovingian World. Oxford U.P., Oxford, 1988. 0-19-504457-6
Hanson, W., "North England and southern Scotland: Roman occupation" in Lynch (2001).
Haywood, John,
Dark Age Naval Power. Anglo-Saxon Books, Hockwold-cum-Wilton, 1999.
ISBN 1-898281-22-X Henderson, Isabel, "
Primus inter pares: the St Andrews Sarcophagus and Pictish Sculpture" in Foster (1999).
Higham, N.J.,
The Kingdom of Northumbria AD 350–1100. Sutton, Stroud, 1993.
ISBN 0-86299-730-5 Jackson, Kenneth H., "The Pictish Language" in F.T. Wainwright (ed.),
The Problem of the Picts. Nelson, Edinburgh, 1955. Reprinted Melven Press, Perth, 1980.
ISBN 0-906664-07-1 Laing, Lloyd & Jenny Lloyd,
The Picts and the Scots. Sutton, Stroud, 2001.
ISBN 0-7509-2873-5 Lowe, Chris,
Angels, Fools and Tyrants: Britons and Angles in Southern Scotland. Canongate, Edinburgh, 1999.
ISBN 0-86241-875-5 Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Religious life: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
Markus, Fr. Gilbert, O.P., "Conversion to Christianity" in Lynch (2001).
Nicolaisen, W.F.H.,
Scottish Place-Names. John Donald, Edinburgh, 2001.
ISBN 0-85976-556-3 Ó Cróinín, Dáibhí,
Early Medieval Ireland: 400–1200. Longman, London, 1995.
ISBN 0-582-01565-0 Oram, Richard, "Rural society: medieval" in Lynch (2001).
Price, Glanville, "Pictish" in Glanville Price (ed.),
Languages in Britain & Ireland. Blackwell, Oxford, 2000.
ISBN 0-631-21581-6 Pryor, Francis,
Britain A.D. Harper Perennial, London, 2005.
ISBN 0-00-718187-6 Ritchie, Anna, "Culture: Picto-Celtic" in Lynch (2001).
Rodger, N.A.M.,
The Safeguard of the Sea. A Naval History of Great Britain, volume one 660–1649. Harper Collins, London, 1997.
ISBN 0-00-638840-X Sellar, W.D.H., "Gaelic laws and institutions" in Lynch (2001).
Sharpe, Richard, "The thriving of Dalriada" in Taylor (2000).
Smyth, Alfred P.,
Warlords and Holy Men: Scotland AD 80–1000. Edinburgh UP, Edinburgh, 1984.
ISBN 0-7486-0100-7 Snyder, Christopher A. (2003). The Britons. Blackwell Publishing.
ISBN 0-631-22260-X.
Taylor, Simon, "Place names" in Lynch (2001).
Taylor, Simon, "Seventh-century Iona abbots in Scottish place-names" in Broun & Clancy (1999).
Watson, W.J. The History of the Celtic Place-names of Scotland. Woolf, Alex, "Dun Nechtain, Fortriu and the Geography of the Picts" in
The Scottish Historical Review, Volume 85, Number 2. Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2006. ISSN 0036-9241
Woolf, Alex, "Nobility: early medieval" in Lynch (2001).
Woolf, Alex, "Ungus (Onuist) son of Uurgust" in Lynch (2001).
Yorke, Barbara,
The Conversion of Britain: Religion, Politics and Society c.600–800. Longman, London, 2006.
ISBN 0-582-77292-3
No comments:
Post a Comment